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Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Sep 2022The beneficial effects of a combination therapy using and galactooligosaccharide (GOS) for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) have not been elucidated.
PURPOSE
The beneficial effects of a combination therapy using and galactooligosaccharide (GOS) for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) have not been elucidated.
METHODS
Gene expressions of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and fecal abundance of . from 12-month-old infants were evaluated. Human primary epidermal keratinocytes (HEKs) and hairless mice were treated with , GOS, -derived extracellular vesicles (BLEVs), dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), or a synbiotic mixture of . and GOS. Expression of epidermal barrier proteins and cytokines as well as serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels were analyzed in HEKs and mice. Dermatitis scores, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), epidermal thickness, and fecal abundance were evaluated in mice.
RESULTS
Fecal abundance of . was negatively correlated with blood expression in infants. or BLEVs increased expression of filaggrin () and loricrin () in HEKs. . increased the efficacy of GOS to upregulate and expressions in HEKs. Oral administration of GOS increased fecal abundance of . in mice. Oral administration of . attenuated DNCB-induced skin inflammation, abnormal TEWL, AD-like skin, and deficiency of epidermal barrier proteins. Moreover, the combination of and GOS showed greater effects to improve DNCB-induced skin inflammation, abnormal TEWL, AD-like skin, serum IgE levels, over-expression, and the deficiency of epidermal barrier proteins than the administration of alone.
CONCLUSIONS
and GOS improve DNCB-induced skin barrier dysfunction and AD-like skin.
PubMed: 36174995
DOI: 10.4168/aair.2022.14.5.549 -
Gut Microbes 2023The significance of to human health can be appreciated from its early colonization of the neonatal gut, where represents the most abundant species. While its relative... (Review)
Review
The significance of to human health can be appreciated from its early colonization of the neonatal gut, where represents the most abundant species. While its relative abundance declines with age, it is further reduced in several diseases. Research into the beneficial properties of has unveiled a range of mechanisms, including the production of bioactive molecules, such as short-chain fatty acids, polysaccharides, and serine protease inhibitors. From its intestinal niche, can have far-reaching effects in the body influencing immune responses in the lungs and even skin, as well as influencing brain activity. In this review, we present the biological and clinical impacts of this species on a range of human conditions beginning in neonatal life and beyond. The available scientific evidence reveals a strong rationale for continued research and further clinical trials that investigate the ability of to treat or prevent a range of diseases across the human lifespan.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Humans; Bifidobacterium longum; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Bifidobacterium; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Probiotics
PubMed: 36896934
DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2186098 -
Nature Communications Oct 2021Understanding the functional potential of the gut microbiome is of primary importance for the design of innovative strategies for allergy treatment and prevention. Here... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
Understanding the functional potential of the gut microbiome is of primary importance for the design of innovative strategies for allergy treatment and prevention. Here we report the gut microbiome features of 90 children affected by food (FA) or respiratory (RA) allergies and 30 age-matched, healthy controls (CT). We identify specific microbial signatures in the gut microbiome of allergic children, such as higher abundance of Ruminococcus gnavus and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and a depletion of Bifidobacterium longum, Bacteroides dorei, B. vulgatus and fiber-degrading taxa. The metagenome of allergic children shows a pro-inflammatory potential, with an enrichment of genes involved in the production of bacterial lipo-polysaccharides and urease. We demonstrate that specific gut microbiome signatures at baseline can be predictable of immune tolerance acquisition. Finally, a strain-level selection occurring in the gut microbiome of allergic subjects is identified. R. gnavus strains enriched in FA and RA showed lower ability to degrade fiber, and genes involved in the production of a pro-inflammatory polysaccharide. We demonstrate that a gut microbiome dysbiosis occurs in allergic children, with R. gnavus emerging as a main player in pediatric allergy. These findings may open new strategies in the development of innovative preventive and therapeutic approaches. Trial: NCT04750980.
Topics: Allergens; Animals; Bacteroides; Bifidobacterium longum; Case-Control Studies; Child; Child, Preschool; Clostridiales; Dander; Eggs; Faecalibacterium prausnitzii; Female; Food Hypersensitivity; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Immune Tolerance; Lipopolysaccharides; Male; Milk; Nuts; Pollen; Prunus persica; Pyroglyphidae; Respiratory Hypersensitivity; Urease
PubMed: 34645820
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26266-z -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2022Recent evidence suggests that the changes in gut microbiota and its metabolites could predict the clinical response of anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents, such as...
Recent evidence suggests that the changes in gut microbiota and its metabolites could predict the clinical response of anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents, such as infliximab (IFX). However, whether manipulation of the gut microbiota can enhance the efficacy of anti-TNF agents remains unclear. Here, we aim to evaluate the effect of a probiotic strain, () CECT 7894, on IFX efficacy for dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice and attempt to explore the potential involved mechanisms. C57BL/6 mice were treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or CECT 7894 (5 × 10 CFU/day) once daily by gavage for 5 days and subsequently induced acute colitis by 3% (w/v) DSS in drinking water. The efficacies of IFX combined with or without CECT 7894 were assessed by weight loss, fecal consistency, colon length, and histopathological changes. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to examine the expression of tight junction proteins (TJPs) in colonic tissues. The microbiota composition was characterized through 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. Fecal bile acids (BAs) levels were analyzed by targeted metabolomics. CECT 7894 improved the efficacy of IFX for DSS-induced colitis as evidenced by decreased weight loss, disease activity index (DAI) scores, colon length shortening, histological damage, increased ZO-1, and Occludin expressions as compared with mice that received IFX only. CECT 7894 modified the composition and structure of the gut microbiota community in DSS-induced colitis mice. CECT 7894 increased the relative abundances of genera , , , , , , and , and reduced the relative abundances of bacteria genera and . Furthermore, CECT 7894 changed the BAs metabolism by increasing the abundance of secondary BAs, such as -MCA, -MCA, LCA, CDCA, UDCA, HCA, isoLCA, isoalloLCA. The covariance analysis revealed the upregulated secondary BAs were positively associated with the increased abundance of bacteria that contained bile salt hydrolases (BSH) and 7α-dehydroxylases genes. CECT 7894 improved the efficacy of IFX for DSS-induced colitis regulating the gut microbiota composition and bile acid metabolism. Probiotics supplementation may provide a possibility to improve the clinical response of anti-TNF agents in IBD management.
PubMed: 35979230
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.902337 -
Microorganisms Nov 2022Microecological preparation could relieve Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88-induced diarrhea in piglets, but which bacteria play a key role and the mitigation...
Microecological preparation could relieve Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88-induced diarrhea in piglets, but which bacteria play a key role and the mitigation mechanism have not been fully clarified. In this study, 36 male mice were randomly divided into six groups (CON, K88, BK (Bifidobacterium longum + K88), LK (Lactobacillus plantarum + K88), PK (Pediococcus acidilactici + K88), and MK (mixed strains + K88)) to explore the prevention mechanisms. Three probiotic strains and their mixtures (TPSM) significantly relieved the weight loss and restored the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in the jejunum. Except for Bifidobacterium longum, other strains significantly decreased interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in mice serum. The TPSM treatment significantly downregulated the mRNA expression of the inflammatory cytokines and the Toll-like receptor and downstream gene (TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB) in jejunum induced by ETEC. Furthermore, the TPSM could restore dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota caused by ETEC. The intestinal microbiota analysis demonstrated that Bifidobacterium longum enriched the Bifidobacterium genus (p < 0.05), Lactobacillus plantarum enriched the Lactobacillus genus (p < 0.05), Pediococcus acidilactici enriched the Coriobacteriaceae_UCG-002 and Christensenellaceae_R-7_group genus (p < 0.05), mixed bacteria enriched the Akkermansia genus (p < 0.05), but ETEC enriched the Desulfovibrio genus (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the starch and sucrose metabolism, galactose and fructose metabolism, mannose metabolism and ABC transporters were increased with probiotics pre-treatment (p < 0.05). To sum up, the microecological preparation alleviated ETEC-induced diarrhea by regulating the immune response, rebalancing intestinal microbiota and improving carbohydrate metabolism.
PubMed: 36557603
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122350 -
Nutrients Feb 2022Zn is an essential trace element required for maintaining normal growth and development. Zn deficiency can cause growth retardation and reproductive system dysplasia,...
Zn is an essential trace element required for maintaining normal growth and development. Zn deficiency can cause growth retardation and reproductive system dysplasia, while Zn supplementation for treating Zn deficiency requires the use of high-quality Zn preparations. In this study, CCFM1195 was screened for its high Zn enrichment capacity, and the effects of different Zn supplementation regimens and doses on the growth and development of rats after Zn supplementation were investigated by supplementing Zn-deficient rat pups with different doses of various Zn supplements (ZnO, CCFM1195 + ZnO, and Zn-enriched CCFM1195). It was shown that the bioavailability of Zn was positively correlated with indicators of recovery after Zn supplementation, with Zn-enriched CCFM1195 having the best effect, followed by CCFM1195 + ZnO, while ZnO had the worst effect. Significant differences were also observed between the gut microbiota of control, model, and Zn-supplemented rats. Overall, administration of Zn-enriched CCFM1195 was more effective than the other approaches in restoring physical indicators of Zn deficiency after Zn supplementation, and this advantage was more significant at low-dose Zn supplementation.
Topics: Animals; Bifidobacterium longum; Dietary Supplements; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Probiotics; Rats; Reproduction; Zinc
PubMed: 35215433
DOI: 10.3390/nu14040783 -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2022are prominent gut commensals that produce the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) acetate, and they are often used as probiotics. Connections between the gut and the lung,...
are prominent gut commensals that produce the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) acetate, and they are often used as probiotics. Connections between the gut and the lung, termed the gut-lung axis, are regulated by the microbiome. The gut-lung axis is increasingly implicated in cigarette smoke-induced diseases, and cigarette smoke exposure has been associated with depletion of species. In this study, we assessed the impact of acetate-producing subsp. (WT) and a mutant strain with an impaired acetate production capacity (MUT) on cigarette smoke-induced inflammation. The mice were treated with WT or MUT subsp. and exposed to cigarette smoke for 8 weeks before assessments of lung inflammation, lung tissue gene expression and cecal SCFAs were performed. Both strains of subsp. reduced lung inflammation, inflammatory cytokine expression and adhesion factor expression and alleviated cigarette smoke-induced depletion in caecum butyrate. Thus, the probiotic administration of subsp. irrespective of its acetate-producing capacity, alleviated cigarette smoke-induced inflammation and the depletion of cecal butyrate levels.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Cigarette Smoking; Bifidobacterium; Probiotics; Butyrates; Acetates; Inflammation
PubMed: 36613693
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010252 -
Free Radical Biology & Medicine Jul 2023Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the most common driver of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) worldwide, and the gut microbiome plays a crucial role in this process. In...
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the most common driver of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) worldwide, and the gut microbiome plays a crucial role in this process. In this study, we estimated the effect of Bifidobacterium longum R0175 on APAP-induced liver injury in mice and discovered that B. longum R0175 alleviated liver injury by diminishing inflammation, reducing oxidative stress levels, inhibiting hepatocyte death and improving APAP-induced microbiome dysbiosis. Further studies revealed that the antioxidative effects of B. longum R0175 were primarily due to activation of the Nrf2 pathway, which was supported by the Nrf2 pathway inhibitor ML385 counteracting these ameliorative effects. B. longum R0175 modified intestinal metabolites, especially the key metabolite sedanolide, which could activate the Nrf2 pathway and contribute to the protective effects against APAP-induced liver injury. Moreover, we found that sedanolide exhibited close interrelationships with specific microbial taxa, indicating that this factor may be derived from gut microbes. In conclusion, our work demonstrated that B. longum R0175 could reduce oxidative damage, inflammation and hepatocyte death by activating the Nrf2 pathway. Importantly, we identified the microbiota-derived metabolite sedanolide, which was first discovered in the mouse intestine, as a key agonist of the Nrf2 pathway and primary effector of B. longum R0175 in APAP challenge. These findings provide new perspectives for APAP overdose therapy and demonstrate the enormous potential of B. longum R0175 in alleviating acute liver injury.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Acetaminophen; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Chronic; Bifidobacterium longum; Liver; Oxidative Stress; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Inflammation; Mice, Inbred C57BL
PubMed: 37003500
DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.03.026 -
Nutrients Mar 2022Atherosclerosis is the main cause of myocardial infarction and stroke, and the morbidity and mortality rates of cardiovascular disease are among the highest of any...
Atherosclerosis is the main cause of myocardial infarction and stroke, and the morbidity and mortality rates of cardiovascular disease are among the highest of any disease worldwide. Excessive plasma trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), an intestinal metabolite, promotes the development of atherosclerosis. Therefore, effective measures for reducing plasma TMAO production can contribute to preventing atherosclerosis. Probiotics are living microorganisms that are beneficial to the human body, and some of them can attenuate plasma TMAO production. To explore the effects of probiotic supplementation on plasma TMAO in choline-fed mice, we intragastrically administered eight strains of and eight strains of to mice for 6 weeks. Bb4 and BL1 and BL7 significantly reduced plasma TMAO and plasma and cecal trimethylamine concentrations. However, hepatic flavin monooxygenase (FMO) activity, flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3), farnesoid X receptor (FXR) protein expression and TMAO fractional excretion were not significantly affected by supplementation. The treatment of strains modulated the abundances of several genera such as UCG-009, UCG-010, which belong to the Firmicutes that has been reported with gene clusters, which may be related to the reduction in intestinal TMA and plasma TMAO. Additionally, a reduction in indicates a reduction in circulating glucose and lipids, which may be another pathway by which strains reduce the risk of atherosclerosis. The effect of strains on also suggests a relationship between the abundance of this genus and TMA concentrations in the gut. Therefore, the mechanism underlying these changes might be gut microbiota regulation. These strains may have therapeutic potential for alleviating TMAO-related diseases.
Topics: Animals; Bifidobacterium breve; Bifidobacterium longum; Choline; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Methylamines; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL
PubMed: 35334879
DOI: 10.3390/nu14061222 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2021Hypercholesterolemia is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease, which is among the major causes of death worldwide. The aim of this study was to explore...
Hypercholesterolemia is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease, which is among the major causes of death worldwide. The aim of this study was to explore whether Bifidobacterium longum strains exerted intra-species differences in cholesterol-lowering effects in hypercholesterolemic rats and to investigate the potential mechanisms. SD rats underwent gavage with each strain (CCFM 1077, I3, J3 and B3) daily for 28 days. CCFM 1077 exerted the most potent cholesterol-lowering effect, followed by I3 and B3, whereas B3 had no effect in alleviating hypercholesterolemia. Divergent alleviation of different strains on hypercholesterolemia can be attributed to the differences in bile salt deconjugation ability and cholesterol assimilation ability in vitro. By 16S rRNA metagenomics analysis, the relative abundance of beneficial genus increased in the CCFM 1077 treatment group. The expression of key genes involved in cholesterol metabolism were also altered after the CCFM 1077 treatment. In conclusion, exhibits strain-specific effects in the alleviation of hypercholesterolemia, mainly due to differences in bacterial characteristics, bile salt deconjugation ability, cholesterol assimilation ability, expressions of key genes involved in cholesterol metabolism and alterations of gut microbiota.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Bifidobacterium longum; Cholesterol; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Disease Models, Animal; Feces; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Hypercholesterolemia; Metagenomics; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Species Specificity
PubMed: 33525627
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031305